A motor grader/Niveleuse/Motoniveladora is a type of engineering machinery widely used in civil engineering, road construction and land leveling. It is mainly used to finely level the ground, trim slopes or shape specific terrain.
As an important equipment in construction machinery, the grader/Niveleuse/Motoniveladora may have some kind of fault during use! The common faults and maintenance methods of the grader/Niveleuse/Motoniveladora power system mainly involve core components such as the engine, hydraulic system, and transmission system. The following are common fault classifications and corresponding solutions:

1. Engine system failure/Défaillance du système moteur/

1). The engine is difficult to start or cannot startFallo del sistema del motor
• Possible causes:
o The battery is low or the connection is loose.
o Fuel system problems (e.g. clogged fuel filter, air inlet in the fuel line, fuel pump failure).
o The starting motor or generator is damaged.
o Sensor failure (e.g. crankshaft position sensor, temperature sensor).
• Repair method:
o Check battery voltage and clean or tighten terminals.
o Replace the fuel filter, remove the air from the fuel line, and test the fuel pump pressure.
o Repair or replace the starter motor/generator.
o Use the diagnostic tool to read the fault code and replace the damaged sensor.
2). Insufficient engine power
• Possible causes:
o Air filter obstruction causing insufficient air intake.
o Turbocharger malfunction (e.g. air leakage, impeller damage).
o Carbon deposits on the fuel injector or insufficient injection pressure.
o Exhaust system is clogged (such as DPF particle filter is clogged).
• Repair method:
o Clean or replace air filter.
o Check the tightness of the turbocharger pipe and repair or replace the turbocharger.
o Clean or replace the injector and calibrate the injection pressure.
o Clean the exhaust system and regenerate or replace the DPF device.

2. Hydraulic system failure/Défaillance du système hydraulique

 Fallo del sistema hidráulico

1). Insufficient hydraulic system pressure
• Possible causes:
o Insufficient hydraulic oil or oil contamination.
o Hydraulic pump is worn or leaking internally.
o The relief valve is stuck or the pressure adjustment is improper.
o The oil pipe is broken or the joint is leaking oil.
• Repair method:
o Refill or replace hydraulic oil, clean the oil tank and filter element.
o Test the hydraulic pump output pressure and replace any damaged pump.
o Clean or adjust the relief valve.
o Replace oil pipe or seal.
2). Hydraulic action is slow or stuck
• Possible causes:
o Hydraulic oil temperature is too high (blocked radiator or fan failure).
o Control valve stuck or solenoid valve failed.
o Leakage in the hydraulic cylinder or aging of the seal.
• Repair method:
o Clean the radiator and check the fan operation.
o Disassemble and clean the control valve core and test the resistance of the solenoid valve coil.
o Replace the hydraulic cylinder seal or assembly.

3. Transmission system failure/Défaillance du système de transmission/

Falla del sistema de transmisión

1). The gearbox makes abnormal noise or slips
• Possible causes:
o The transmission oil is insufficient or the oil quality is deteriorating.
o Clutch plate worn or pressure plate spring failed.
o Gear or bearing damage.
• Repair method:
o Refill or replace transmission oil.
o Disassemble the gearbox and replace the clutch plate or pressure plate assembly.
o Replace damaged gears or bearings.
2). Drive axle overheating or oil leakage
• Possible causes:
o Aging of the drive axle oil seal leads to oil leakage.
o Improper gear meshing clearance or poor lubrication.
o Bearing damage causing abnormal friction.
• Repair method:
o Replace the oil seal and add gear oil.
o Adjust gear clearance and ensure adequate lubrication.
o Replace damaged bearings.

4. Electrical control system failure/Défaillance du système de contrôle électrique/

    Fallo del sistema de control eléctrico

1). Sensor signal is abnormal
• Possible causes:
o The sensor harness has poor contact or is broken.
o The sensor is contaminated or damaged.
o ECU (control module) program malfunction.
• Repair method:
o Check and repair wiring connections.
o Clean or replace sensor.
o Refresh ECU program or replace control module.
2). The instrument panel warning light is always on
• Possible causes:
o Engine emissions exceed the standard (such as SCR system failure).
o Hydraulic system overpressure or low pressure alarm.
o Oil temperature/water temperature sensor false alarm.
• Repair method:
o Check the urea injection system, clean the nozzle or replace the urea pump.
o Check the cause of abnormal pressure in the hydraulic system.
o Calibrate or replace temperature sensor.

5. Precautions after maintenance/Précautions après l’entretien/Precauciones después del mantenimiento

1) Test run verification: After maintenance, a no-load test run is required, and the stability of the power system is tested by gradually loading.
2) Data monitoring: Use diagnostic tools to monitor real-time data streams of engines and hydraulic systems.
3) Regular maintenance:
o Replace engine oil, hydraulic oil and filter every 500 hours.
o Check the oil level and pipeline tightness daily.
o Clean the dirt on the radiator, battery and sensor surface.

6. Preventive measures/Mesures préventives/Medidas preventivas

• Use standard fuel, hydraulic oil and lubricating oil.
• Avoid prolonged overload operation to prevent engine overheating.
• Regularly check belt tension and pipe aging.

**Summarize**/Résumer/Resumir

The failure of the motor grader/Niveleuse/Motoniveladora power system requires a comprehensive analysis of the three aspects of mechanics, hydraulics, and electronics. Common problems are concentrated on poor fuel supply, hydraulic oil contamination, sensor failure, and clutch wear. In daily maintenance, it is necessary to focus on the cleanliness of the oil and the status of the filter element. For complex failures, it is recommended to refer to the equipment manual or contact a professional maintenance team.
Through systematic fault diagnosis and standardized maintenance, the service life of the grader power system can be significantly extended and the risk of downtime can be reduced.

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