As a multifunctional engineering machine, bulldozers are widely used in earthwork, construction, mining, agricultural development, disaster relief and other fields. However, during long-term use, bulldozers may suffer from various faults due to mechanical wear, hydraulic system failure, electrical problems or improper operation.
Como máquinas de ingeniería multifuncionales, las excavadoras se utilizan ampliamente en movimiento de tierras, construcción, minería, desarrollo agrícola, socorro en caso de desastres y otros campos. Sin embargo, con el uso prolongado, pueden presentar diversas fallas debido al desgaste mecánico, fallas del sistema hidráulico, problemas eléctricos o un funcionamiento inadecuado.
The following are the diagnosis and repair methods of common faults:
1. Engine system failure/Fallo del sistema del motor
1). The engine cannot start or starts with difficulty/El motor no puede arrancar o arranca con dificultad.
Possible causes:
The battery is low or the connection is loose.
Fuel system problems (clogged fuel filter, faulty fuel injectors)
Air filter is clogged, insufficient air intake
Starter motor or generator failure
Repair method:
Check the battery voltage (normal 12V or 24V), clean the electrode wiring
Replace the fuel filter and check the fuel pump pressure
Clean or replace the air filter
Test the starter motor and replace if necessary
2). The engine is underpowered or emits black smoke/El motor tiene poca potencia o emite humo negro.
Possible causes:
Turbocharger failure (lack of air intake)
Poor atomization of the fuel injector
Insufficient cylinder pressure (piston ring wear)
Repair method:
Check the turbocharger for oil leakage or damage
Clean or replace the fuel injector
Measure cylinder pressure and overhaul engine if necessary
2. Hydraulic system failure/Fallo del sistema hidráulico
1). Hydraulic oil temperature is too high/
La temperatura del aceite hidráulico es demasiado alta.
Possible causes:
Hydraulic oil is insufficient or deteriorated
Internal leakage of hydraulic pump or valve group
Radiator clogged
Repair method:
Check the oil level and replace the hydraulic oil that meets the standards
Test hydraulic pump pressure and repair or replace worn parts
Clean the hydraulic oil radiator
2). The blade is slowly raised or lowered or is weak/La cuchilla sube o baja lentamente o está débil.
Possible causes:
Internal leakage of hydraulic cylinder (seal ring is damaged)
Control valve stuck or worn
Hydraulic pump output pressure is insufficient
Repair method:
Replacement of cylinder seals
Disassemble and clean or replace the control valve
Adjust or replace hydraulic pump
3. Transmission system failure/Falla del sistema de transmisión
1). The gearbox is difficult to shift or slips/La caja de cambios es difícil de cambiar o patina.
Possible causes:
Insufficient or contaminated transmission oil
Clutch plate wear
Shift solenoid valve failure (electronically controlled transmission)
Repair method:
Replace transmission oil and filter
Disassemble and inspect the clutch and replace the friction plate
Check the circuit and replace the solenoid valve
2). Track deviation or derailment/Desviación o descarrilamiento de la vía
Possible causes:
Uneven track tension
Idler or roller wear
Track shoe fracture
Repair method:
Adjust the track tension (refer to the manual for standard values)
Replace worn idlers or track rollers
Replace damaged track shoes
4. Electrical system failure/Fallo del sistema eléctrico
The instrument panel has no display or the warning light is on/El panel de instrumentos no tiene pantalla o la luz de advertencia está encendida
Possible causes:
Blown fuse
Sensor failure (oil pressure, water temperature, etc.)
Line short circuit or open circuit
Repair method:
Check and replace the fuse
Test the sensor signal with a multimeter
Check line connection points
5. Other common problems/Otros problemas comunes
1). The bulldozer is unable to move/La excavadora no puede moverse
Possible causes:
Final drive gear damage
Brake not fully released
Track is too loose or too tight
Repair method:
Disassemble and inspect the final drive and replace the damaged gear
Adjusting the brake clearance
Readjust track tension
2). Abnormal noise (metal impact sound)/ Ruido anormal (ruido de impacto de metal)
Possible causes:
Chassis component (track roller, sprocket wheel) bearing damage
Engine connecting rod or crankshaft wear
Repair method:
Replace damaged bearings or wheels
Disassemble and inspect the engine, repair or replace worn parts
6. Daily maintenance suggestions (failure prevention)/Sugerencias de mantenimiento diario (prevención de fallos)
Change fluids (engine oil, hydraulic oil, transmission oil) regularly.
Clean the air filter (especially in dusty environments).
Check tracks and undercarriage (to prevent derailment or increased wear).
Tighten the bolts (especially the blade and travel system connections).
Storage and maintenance: Drain the fuel tank when out of service for a long period of time to prevent corrosion.
Summarize
Bulldozer failures are mostly concentrated in the three modules of the engine, hydraulic system, and transmission system. Regular maintenance can significantly reduce the failure rate. If you encounter complex problems (such as engine overhaul, hydraulic pump replacement), it is recommended to contact professional maintenance personnel.
Las fallas de las excavadoras se concentran principalmente en los tres módulos: motor, sistema hidráulico y sistema de transmisión. El mantenimiento regular puede reducir significativamente la tasa de fallas. Si se presentan problemas complejos (como la revisión del motor o el reemplazo de la bomba hidráulica), se recomienda contactar con personal de mantenimiento profesional.
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Post time: Jun-09-2025