Construction machinery engines have complex structures, requiring a wide variety of spare parts, each with significantly different functions and roles. Spare parts can be categorized into the following categories based on their core functions and high failure rates, helping operators quickly identify critical spare parts and prepare inventory in advance:

1. Powertrain Spare Parts

These spare parts directly contribute to the engine’s power output and are crucial for ensuring equipment efficiency. Common types include:

Piston and Piston Rings: As the core moving components within the engine cylinder, the piston converts the energy generated by fuel combustion into mechanical motion, while the piston rings provide sealing, oil control, and heat conduction. Construction machinery engines operate under long-term high loads, and piston and piston rings are susceptible to wear and deformation due to high temperatures, leading to seal failure. This can lead to problems such as oil burning and reduced power, necessitating regular inspection and replacement.

Crankshaft and Connecting Rod: The crankshaft is the “bridge” of the engine’s power output, converting the piston’s reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The connecting rod connects the piston and crankshaft, transmitting power. Both components are subject to significant mechanical stress. Insufficient material strength or inaccurate assembly can easily lead to serious failures such as crankshaft bending and connecting rod breakage. Therefore, high-strength spare parts that meet original manufacturer standards are essential.

2. Fuel Supply Parts

The fuel supply system directly impacts the engine’s combustion efficiency and emissions standards, making the quality of these parts crucial:

Fuel injectors: These are responsible for atomizing and precisely injecting fuel into the cylinders. Their injection pressure and atomization quality directly determine whether the fuel is fully burned. Clogged or worn injectors can lead to increased fuel consumption, excessive emissions, and even carbon deposits in the engine.

Fuel filters: These filters filter impurities and moisture from the fuel, protecting the fuel injection system from wear. Construction machinery operates in complex environments, and fuel is susceptible to contamination. If the filter is not replaced promptly, impurities can clog the injectors, resulting in insufficient engine power.

3. Lubrication and Cooling Parts

Long-term, high-load engine operation generates significant heat. The lubrication and cooling system effectively controls temperature and reduces component wear:

Oil filter: Filters impurities such as metal debris and carbon deposits from the engine oil, ensuring oil cleanliness and extending engine life. A clogged filter prevents smooth oil circulation, leading to insufficient engine lubrication and serious problems such as cylinder scuffing and bearing seizure.

Radiator: Removes engine heat through coolant circulation, maintaining normal engine operating temperature. Construction machinery often operates outdoors in high-temperature environments, making radiators prone to dust accumulation and clogging. Failure to clean or replace them promptly can lead to engine overheating or even shutdown.

4. Ignition and Starting Parts

These parts are crucial for engine starting, especially in low temperatures and harsh environments:

Spark plug (gasoline engine): Ignites the fuel-air mixture through a high-voltage arc. Carbon deposits or excessive gaps in the spark plug can cause difficulty starting the engine and unstable idling. Starter motors provide power for starting the engine. If the motor gears are worn or the circuit is faulty, the engine will not start, impacting construction progress.

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