Loaders are heavy machinery widely used in construction, mines, ports and other places. They are mainly used for shoveling, transporting and unloading earth and stone and other materials. Correct operating skills and precautions can not only improve work efficiency, but also ensure safety.
Les chargeuses sont des engins lourds largement utilisés dans la construction, les mines, les ports et autres secteurs. Elles servent principalement au pelletage, au transport et au déchargement de terre, de pierres et d’autres matériaux. Des compétences d’utilisation et des précautions appropriées peuvent non seulement améliorer l’efficacité du travail, mais aussi garantir la sécurité.
The following are detailed loader operation skills and precautions:
1. Vehicle inspection/Inspection du véhicule
1) Carefully check the status of fuel, cooling water and lubricating oil.
2) Confirm the reliability of driving and parking brakes to ensure safety.
3) When unloaded, check whether the bucket system operates smoothly.
4) Refer to the forklift inspection items and pay attention to the parts related to the loader.
2. Operation skills/Compétences opérationnelles
1) Inspection before startup/Inspection avant le démarrage
Check whether the fuel, engine oil, hydraulic oil and coolant are sufficient and whether there are any leaks.
Check tire pressure or track wear (wheel/track loaders).
Check whether the lights, horn and instrument panel are functioning normally.
Check whether the bucket, connecting rod, hydraulic cylinder and other key components are cracked or loose.
2) Startup and preheating/Démarrage et préchauffage
Before starting, you need to look around and make sure there are no obstacles. Then honk the horn and start slowly.
The vehicle can only be started after the brake pressure gauge reading reaches the preset value.
Before starting, put the gear lever in neutral and apply the handbrake.
When starting from cold, it is necessary to preheat at idle speed for 3-5 minutes (especially in low temperature environment) and wait until the hydraulic oil temperature rises to the normal range before operating.
When starting, you should accelerate smoothly and avoid sudden acceleration.
3) Driving tips/Conseils de conduite
Be sure to remove the front and rear vehicle safety connecting rods before driving and keep them properly.
When driving on a slope, keep the drag start lever in the on position and ensure forward driving.
Changing the driving direction or driving the joystick must be done after the vehicle has come to a complete stop.
4) Shovel loading skills/Compétences en matière de chargement à la pelle
Align the material: Keep the loader at a vertical angle to the material pile to avoid uneven force on one side due to oblique insertion.
Smooth feeding: Move forward at a low speed, with the bucket flat on the ground, and gradually insert it into the pile of materials.
Lifting and retracting the bucket: After insertion, slightly raise the boom and retract the bucket at the same time (avoid over-retracting the bucket causing the front wheels to leave the ground).
Back off when fully loaded: When the bucket is full, it tilts back slightly to prevent material from spilling, and then backs off at a low speed to leave the material pile.
Try to avoid driving sideways or shoveling materials on slopes to ensure safety.
5) Transportation and unloading/Transport et déchargement
During transportation, the bucket height should be controlled at 30-50 cm from the ground to avoid bumps, spillage or collision with obstacles.
When unloading, align the unloading point (such as the truck box), slowly raise the boom to the appropriate height and then tip the bucket to avoid material impact.
When dumping materials into a truck, the bucket needs to be tipped forward carefully to avoid scratching the vehicle and ensure a smooth unloading process. During the unloading process, pay close attention to the distance between the bucket and the vehicle compartment to prevent collision.
6) Efficient working methods/Méthodes de travail efficaces
V-shaped operation method: forward shoveling and loading → backward → turning → forward unloading, forming a circular path.
Coordinated Truck Loading: Keep truck and loader in fixed position to reduce moving time.
7) Special working conditions operation/Opération dans des conditions de travail spéciales
Soft ground: Reduce tire pressure or use a track loader to avoid getting stuck.
Slope operation: Always drive the loader up and down the slope longitudinally, and do not drive it horizontally on the slope; use low gear when going downhill to avoid sliding in neutral.
3. Notes/Remarques
1) Safety operation specifications/Spécifications de fonctionnement de sécurité
Wear seat belts when working, avoid operating under the influence of alcohol or while tired, and ensure you are in a good mental state.
When the working area is small or there is danger, warning signs should be set up within the corresponding range or at the dangerous point.
When getting on or off the loader, be sure to do so in a place where the vehicle is parked and there are ladder handrails. Do not jump up or down while working or walking to ensure safety.
It is strictly forbidden to carry people in the bucket or stand or inspect under the raised bucket. When the loader needs to raise the arm for maintenance, it must be ensured that the arm is firmly cushioned to prevent the arm from falling and causing injuries.
Stay away from dangerous areas such as high-voltage power lines and the edges of ditches.
2) Equipment maintenance/Entretien du matériel
After daily operation, clean the accumulated materials in the bucket and the fuselage, and check the tightness of key components.
Replace the engine oil and filter regularly, and lubricate the hinge points (such as pins and bearings).
When the vehicle is not in use for a long period of time, drain the coolant and disconnect the battery.
3) Energy saving and protection/Économie d’énergie et protection
Avoid idling the engine for long periods of time.
Reduce sudden acceleration and sharp turns, and reduce tire/track wear.
When the hydraulic system oil temperature exceeds 80°C, the machine should be shut down for cooling.
4) Emergency treatment/ Traitement d’urgence
In case of sudden failure, stop the vehicle immediately, turn off the engine and put up a warning sign.
When the hydraulic pipe is broken, do not touch the high-pressure oil directly with your hands (it may cause burns).
5) Safety precautions during shutdown:/Précautions de sécurité lors de l’arrêt :
① The loader should be parked on flat ground, and the bucket should be placed flat on the ground. After the engine is turned off, the operating handle of the working device should be pulled several times to ensure that each hydraulic cylinder is in a pressure-free resting state. If it can only be parked on a slope, the tires need to be padded firmly.
②Put all handles in neutral or middle position.
③First remove the electric lock key, then turn off the main power switch, and finally close the doors and windows to ensure safety.
④ It is strictly forbidden to park in areas with open flames or high temperatures to prevent accidents caused by tire explosion due to heat.
4. Common errors and corrections/Erreurs courantes et corrections
Error 1: Bucket Over-Reeling
→ Consequences: Front wheel leaves the ground and steering is out of control.
→ Correction: Close the bucket until the material stops spilling.
Error 2: High-speed impact on the pile
→ Consequence: Damage to the teeth or the hydraulic system.
→ Correction: Insert smoothly and at a low speed.
Error 3: Driving with the bucket raised
→ Consequences: Unstable center of gravity, prone to tipping over.
→ Correction: Keep bucket low during transport.
Summarize
Through standardized operation and regular maintenance, the life of the loader can be significantly extended and the risk of accidents can be reduced. It is recommended that novices practice under the guidance of experienced drivers and read the equipment manual carefully.
Grâce à une utilisation standardisée et à un entretien régulier, la durée de vie de la chargeuse peut être considérablement prolongée et les risques d’accident réduits. Il est recommandé aux novices de s’entraîner sous la conduite de conducteurs expérimentés et de lire attentivement le manuel de l’équipement.
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Post time: Jun-09-2025