After purchasing high-quality spare parts, a sound maintenance strategy can further extend their lifespan, reduce the probability of failure, and lower equipment operation and maintenance costs. Considering the operational characteristics of construction machinery, the following maintenance key points should be implemented:

1. Establish a spare parts inventory ledger to avoid stockouts and overstocking

Based on the frequency of equipment use and spare part failure rates (for example, oil filters and fuel filters are consumable parts requiring frequent replacement, while crankshafts and connecting rods are durable parts requiring less frequent replacement), establish a clear inventory ledger, noting the spare part’s name, specifications, inventory quantity, and replacement cycle. For example:
Consumable parts (such as oil filters and spark plugs): Stock a three-month supply to avoid equipment downtime due to stockouts.
Durable parts (such as crankshafts and pistons): Stock a one-set-per-unit supply to avoid excessive inventory and capital tie-up. At the same time, regularly conduct inventory checks and promptly replenish spare parts that are nearing depletion to ensure sufficient and reasonable inventory levels.

2. Strictly replace spare parts according to maintenance cycles and avoid overuse

The maintenance cycles for construction machinery engines (e.g., oil filter replacement every 500 hours and fuel filter replacement every 1000 hours) are set by the manufacturer based on the engine’s design parameters and operating environment. Exceeding the expiration date significantly increases the risk of failure. For example, overuse of the oil filter can lead to increased oil impurities and wear on internal engine components; overuse of the fuel filter can cause injector clogging and result in power loss. Therefore, spare parts must be replaced strictly according to maintenance cycles, and replacement times and spare part models must be recorded to maintain a complete maintenance record.

3. Maintain proper spare parts storage management to prevent moisture and rust

Construction machinery operations often occur outdoors. If spare parts are not stored properly, they can easily become damp and rust, affecting their performance. For example, metal spare parts (such as pistons and crankshafts) exposed to moisture for extended periods can rust, potentially leading to poor cylinder sealing after installation. Paper spare parts (such as air filters) can lose their filtering effectiveness if exposed to moisture. Therefore, a dedicated spare parts storage warehouse is necessary. The following should be adhered to:

Keep the warehouse dry, well-ventilated, and out of direct sunlight;

Apply rust-proof oil to metal spare parts and store them separately to avoid collisions;

Store paper and rubber spare parts (such as seals) separately to avoid contact with oil.

4. Adjust maintenance frequency based on the operating environment and provide targeted protection

Different operating environments cause varying degrees of wear and tear on engine parts, requiring targeted adjustments to maintenance frequency:

Dusty environments (such as mines and infrastructure construction sites): Air filters are prone to clogging, requiring shorter replacement intervals (e.g., 800 hours instead of 1000 hours);

High-temperature, high-humidity environments (such as summer and rainy seasons in southern China): Radiators are prone to dust accumulation and coolant deterioration, requiring more frequent radiator cleaning and regular coolant concentration checks.

Low-temperature environments (such as winter in northern China): Starter motors and spark plugs are prone to malfunction, requiring advance inspection of parts and replacement of low-temperature-compatible oil and coolant.

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